Stomach parts:-

  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Antrum
  4. pylorus
  5. parietal cell contain intrinsic factors.
  6. chief cell contain pepsinogen which help in food digestion.
  7. foveolar cell which forms mucus in stomach
  8. G cell secrete hormones gastrin
  9. G cell present in antrum
  10. ACH and gastrin stimulate HCL.
  11. HCL do feedback inhibition to gastrin
  12. Prostaglandin are vasodilator.
  13. Prostaglandin are inhibitory to acid secretions.
  14. prostaglandin stimulate mucus formation and bicarbonate formation

Two types of factors operates in stomach

  • Damaging factors
  • protective factors.

    Damaging factor.                                                     Protective factor.

  • HCL.                                                                                            HCO3-
  • H.pylori.                                                                                     Mucus
  •                                                                                                     Prostaglandin
  1. Epithelial regenerative capacity may decrease due to shock as blood is not reaching the epithelial tissue
  2. if kidney get damaged then HCO3-  level get disturbed.
  3. prostaglandin formed with the help of  cox enzyme from Arachdonic acid
                                                        Acute gastritis 
  • when their is disturbance between protective factors and damaging factors..
  • Alcohol intake
  • NSAID
  • Anti cancer drug
  • Anti cancer drug inhibit epithelial regeneration.
  • stress,uremia cause acute gastritis.
  • curling ulcer develops due to dehydration because of dehydration epithelial regeneration capacity decreases.
  • Common locations of curling ulcer is duodenum and stomach.
  • In patient having intracranial tension cause release of ACH and ACH stimulate secretion of HCL and due to which ulcer generate is called Cushing ulcer.
  • in chronic gastritis lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration happen.

                                          chronic gastritis 

  1. Autoimmune
  2. H.pylori infection.
  3. Chemical exposure.
  4. Radiation exposure
  5. crohn’s disease
  6. Graft rejection.
  • Auto immune is type A gastritis
  • H.pylori infection is type B gastritis
  • radiation exposure type C gastritis
  • Rule of AB means type A gastritis involve body
  • type B gastritis involve antrum